My Techniques
To determine what is needed, I suggest we have an initial consultation (which may be in person, by e-mail, or via telephone). At that time, I try to discover the scope of the project, its goals, and its audiences as well as any budgetary limitations or time constraints that exist. Following this meeting, I often perform a sample edit of the project. From that sample, we both learn something. I get to see your writing style, which enables me to formulate a proposal for the project (I usually establish a "drop-dead" deadline and a maximum price). You get to see my editorial style, which helps you decide if we are a good fit.
If you accept the proposal, I start work. As I become familiar with the work, I will meet regularly with you to discuss questions and possible changes. We will then continue to meet throughout all stages, substantive reviews, copyedits, and proofs, to discuss issues.
During the process, I use a number of accepted and respected sources. I edit and proof, for example, primarily according to the rules of the Chicago Manual of Style, current edition. I also consult dozens of familiar style manuals and grammar guides. These include Theodore Bernstein’s The Careful Writer, Harry Shaw’s Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions, The New Fowler’s Modern English Usage, and The New Oxford Guide to Writing.
Of course, you can always furnish your own style guides, recommend additional resources, and suggest alternative ideas and solutions. And, I don’t need to mention, you always maintain veto power!
After all, the project is your project.